Sources and technical standards

Sources and technical standards

9–1. Method of using resources

In the file of each project, three groups of documents should be separated from each other:

The year of editing, the scope of application and the related paragraph of each reference should be recorded in the "Project Design Basics List". The title of a standard or its introductory page is not a substitute for reading the full text to design and verify compliance.

9–2. Electricity, equipment and control standards

Versions of the table, specific sources have been checked. The release status and version required for the contract should be controlled when developing technical specifications; For example, the pre-release page of IEC 60364-6:2026 is also published with the PRV label and should not automatically replace the project-approved version without checking the final status. IEC pre-release page ^[458]

9–3. Sources of mechanics and calculations

The pump test standard is not the only criterion for accepting the beauty of the fountain effect. The shape, height, uniformity and coordination criteria of the display should be written in the project specifications.

9–4. Health resources and water quality

The MAHC is a model guide and its applicability is subject to acceptance by the relevant authority. Its use in the book does not mean that it is automatically introduced as the law of the project site. CDC explanation about MAHC position ^[466]

9–5. Urban safety and local documents

In each project, documents related to the following topics should be collected and their scope determined:

• electrical and mechanical facilities; in Iranian projects, including the review of topics related to national building regulations;

• Rules of the municipality, beautification organization and public space management;

• Accessibility and crossing routes;

• Traffic safety in squares and roads;

• Restriction of sound and light;

• water supply and waste disposal;

• Safety of implementation, repair and entry into confined spaces.

The old FHWA Guide to Traffic Fields ^[467] can be used to study placement and visibility principles, but the publisher has identified it as an archival document; For the new design, the current documents of the local traffic authority should be used as a basis.

9–6. Specialized resources of Abnema companies

Information published by the manufacturer about a model or project is attributed to the same item. Marketing claim, laboratory performance number and actual operating result are three different types of data.

9–7. Registration form of project basics and resources

9–8. Image source registration form

For technical attachments, the actual plan and image of the equipment is preferred. Conceptual or AI-generated imagery must be identified as such and not presented as an executive drawing, test proof, or photo of the actual project.

bibliography and sources

The numbers in this list correspond to the source identifiers in the footnotes. Internet sources are included with direct title and address. The technical documents of the product and the standard version used should also be kept in the file of each project.

1. Source: GSO Urban Fountains

https://gsofountain.com/mod/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C

2. Source: UNESCO, Iranian garden

https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1372/

3. Source: OASE, Al Liwan case study

https://www.oase.com/en/fountain-technology/case-studies/splash-deck-fountain-al-liwan

4. Source: Crystal Fountains, Crown Fountain Project

https://crystalfountains.com/projects/crown-fountain/

5. Source: EPA, Guide to Managing Water Use in Commercial and Institutional Facilities

https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=P100ODFM.TXT

6. Source: Crystal Fountains, Fountain Design Services

https://crystalfountains.com/water-feature-design/

7. Source: Vert et al., 2020, Water Walk Research

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109812

8. Source: research on the pleasantness of the sound of fountains

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26627778/

9. Source: Field test of the effect of water fountain on the quality of listening environment, 2014

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.12.005

10. Source: Li et al., 2022, Thermal comfort assessment in Singapore courtyards

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2022.101253

11. Source: Evaluation of the composition of vegetation and fountains, 2025

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112192

12. Source: CDC, Legionella Control in Decorative Fountains

https://www.cdc.gov/control-legionella/php/toolkit/decorative-fountain-module.html

13. Source: OASE, Fountain Solutions for Business Centers

https://www.oase.com/en-GB/fountain-technology/solutions/shopping-malls

14. Source: MHCLG Assessment Guide

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-mhclg-appraisal-guide/the-mhclg-appraisal-guide

15. Source: Crystal Fountains, Toronto Eaton Centre

https://crystalfountains.com/projects/toronto-eaton-center/

16. Source: Guide for improving the performance of pumping systems

https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2014/05/f16/pump.pdf

17. Source: NIST, Life Cycle Cost Guide, 2025 Edition

https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.HB.135e2025

18. Source: Green Book General Assessment Guide

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-green-book-appraisal-and-evaluation-in-central-government

19. Source: Bellagio Fountains Official Website

https://bellagio.mgmresorts.com/en/entertainment/fountains-of-bellagio.html

20. Source: Visit Dubai, introducing the Dubai Fountain

https://www.visitdubai.com/pois/the-dubai-fountain

21. Source: OASE, KLCC Park Musical Fountain

https://www.oase.com/en/fountain-technology/case-studies/musical-fountain-at-kuala-lumpur

22. Source: Barcelona fountain renovation program

https://www.barcelona.cat/infobarcelona/en/tema/urban-planning-and-infrastructures/rehabilitem-les-fonts-de-la-ciutat-per-optimitzar-ne-el-funcionament-i-lus-de-laigua_1462979.html

23. Source: La Mercè 2025 official program

https://www.barcelona.cat/internationalwelcome/en/news/barcelona-to-sing-for-la-merce-2025-1540970

24. Source: SIG, History of Jet d'Eau

https://ww2.sig-ge.ch/a-propos-de-sig/nous-connaitre/sites_expositions/jet_deau

25. Source: Jaume Plensa, Crown Fountain

https://jaumeplensa.com/works-and-projects/public-space/the-crown-fountain-2004

26. Source: Crystal Fountains, World Voices

https://crystalfountains.com/projects/world-voices/

27. Source: OASE, Fountain Technology

https://www.oase.com/en/fountain-technology

28. Source: CDC, Managing Water Play Areas and Decorative Fountains

https://cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/toolkit/operating-public-pools-hot-tubs-and-splash-pads.html

29. Source: OASE, Fountain Systems and Floating Fountains

https://www.oase.com/en-GB/pond-and-water-garden/water-features-waterfalls-and-watercourses

30. Source: OASE, Water Screen Equipment

https://www.oase.com/en/fountain-technology/effect-creation/water-effects/water-screen

31. Source: Crystal Fountains, Laminars and Jump Jets

https://crystalfountains.com/product-category/laminars-and-leapers/laminars/

32. Source: OASE, Vapor Nozzle

https://www.oase.com/en-US/fountain-technology/vapor-nozzle

33. Source: CDC, Splash Pad Water Supply Structure

https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/safety/stay-healthy-at-splash-pads.html

34. Source: OASE WEPS software

https://www.oase.com/en-GB/water-technology/weps-software

35. Source: GSO urban fountain and equipment

https://gsofountain.com/mod/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C

36. Source: Introduction to the ANSI E1.11-2024 standard

https://webstore.ansi.org/standards/esta/ansie1112024

37. Source: ANSI E1.20-2025 standard

https://webstore.ansi.org/standards/esta/ANSIE1202025

38. Source: Introduction of VarioMaster in OASE

https://www.oase.com/en-US/fountain-technology/variomaster-l-dmx02-int

39. Source: GSO urban fountain control pumps

https://gsofountain.com/cat/%D9%BE%D9%85%D9%BE-%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C

40. Source: SWS ChoreoSwitch nozzle

https://crystalfountains.com/product/sws-series-vertical-choreoswitch/

41. Source: Laws of pump similarity in KSB technical reference

https://www.ksb.com/en-global/centrifugal-pump-lexicon/article/pump-affinity-laws-1117584

42. Source: GSO dry floor fountain equipment

https://gsofountain.com/cat/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%84-%DA%A9%D9%81-%D8%AE%D8%B4%DA%A9-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C

43. Source: CDC Water Fountain Operation Guide

https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/toolkit/operating-public-pools-hot-tubs-and-splash-pads.html

44. Source: Crystal Fountains Slab Hanger System

https://crystalfountains.com/product/submersible-dmx-pump-70-slab-hanger/

45. Source: Access Board floor and ground level guide

https://www.access-board.gov/aba/guides/chapter-3-floor-and-ground-surfaces/

46. Source: IEC 60364-7-702 standard scope

https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/1889

47. Source: EAP Activator

https://crystalfountains.com/product/eap-activation-button/

48. Source: Vortex Technologies

https://www.vortex-intl.com/technologies/

49. Source: SmartFlow Logics controller

https://www.vortex-intl.com/products/smartflow-logics-controller/

50. Source: Access Board Serviceable Parts Guide

https://www.access-board.gov/ada/guides/chapter-3-operable-parts/

51. Source: GSO urban fountain floating packages

https://gsofountain.com/cat/%D9%BE%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%AC%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C

52. Source: Otterbine Equipment Groups

https://www.otterbine.com/aerators-fountains/

53. Source: Equipment performance results

https://www.otterbine.com/resource-center/performance-results/

54. Source: Otterbine Selection and Sizing Guide

https://www.otterbine.com/resource-center/system-selection-sizing/

55. Source: OASE company MIDI II floating fountain

https://www.oase.com/en-GB/aquarium/midi-ii-11-kw-230-v-int

56. Source: USNA Naval Architecture Teaching Notes

https://www.usna.edu/NAOE/_files/documents/Courses/EN400/EN400_Course_Notes_Fall_AY2021_July2020.pdf

57. Source: Kasco J Series Floating Fountain Installation Guide

https://distributors.kascomarine.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/884169_Kasco_J-Series-Fountain_5-7-HP_Manual.pdf

58. Source: GSO water curtain

https://gsofountain.com/cat/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%84-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%A2%D8%A8

59. Source: GSO catchments

https://gsofountain.com/cat/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%84-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%BA%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE

60. Source: GSO waterways

https://gsofountain.com/cat/%D8%AC%D9%88%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%84-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%BA%DB%8C

61. Source: USBR rectangular overflow guide

https://www.usbr.gov/tsc/techreferences/mands/wmm/chap07_10.html

62. Source: OASE total head calculation guide

https://www.oase.com/en-US/pond-and-water-garden/how-to-guides/how-to-calculate-total-dynamic-head

63. Source: Aqua Graphic digital curtain

https://www.aquatic-show.com/en/our-services/aqua-graphic-water-curtain

64. Source: Aquatique Show Guide

https://www.aquatic-show.com/en/faq/water-screen

65. Source: NRC Rain Curtain

https://crystalfountains.com/product/nrc-rain-curtain/

66. Source: GSO water and stove package

https://gsofountain.com/cat/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D8%A8-%D9%88-%D8%A2%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86

67. Source: AWEIS guidelines

https://firebydesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/FBD-0001.pdf

68. Source: OASE Company FountainFlame

https://www.oase.com/en-US/fountain-technology/fountainflame-dmx02

69. Source: Fire By Design product guidelines

https://firebydesign.com/support/instructions/

70. Source: Introduction to NFPA 160, 2026 edition

https://webstore.ansi.org/standards/nfpa/nfpa1602026

71. Source: Vortex Water Management Solutions

https://www.vortex-intl.com/product-types/water-management-solutions/

72. Source: OASE Maintenance and Reconstruction Services

https://www.oase.com/en-GB/fountain-technology/solutions/service-retrofit

73. Source: WMO climate norms

https://wmo.int/wmo-climatological-normals

74. Source: OASE wind dependent fountain control

https://www.oase-professional.com/en/family/f/wind-dependent-fountain-control.1001038035.html

75. Source: WaterSense Outdoor Water Features Guide

https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2023-08/ws-homes-TRM-20-PoolsandOutdoorWaterFeaturesTechSheet.pdf

76. Source: Atmospheric corrosion of stainless steel

https://www.outokumpu.com/en/expertise/2025/stainless-steel-and-atmospheric-corrosion-what-you-need-to-know

77. Source: Project Engineering at Vortex

https://www.vortex-intl.com/expertise/project-engineering/

78. Source: Vortex Budgeting Guide

https://www.vortex-intl.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/inserted/sales-roadmap_budgeting-en.pdf

79. Guide to accessible routes

https://www.access-board.gov/ada/guides/chapter-4-accessible-routes/

80. Introducing the project at the ASLA Awards

https://old.asla.org/2014awards/381.html

81. GSO urban fountain lights

https://gsofountain.com/cat/%DA%86%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%BA-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C-IP68

82. Specifications of the LED160 family

https://crystalfountains.com/product/led160-series/

83. Principles of responsible outdoor lighting

https://darksky.org/resources/guides-and-how-tos/lighting-principles/

84. Specifications of ProfiRing LED L

https://oase-professional.com/en/family/f/profiring-led-l.1001037675.html

85. Standard range of lights

https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/68000

86. Handbook of Ambient Sound Measurement, Brüel & Kjær

https://www.bksv.com/media/doc/br1626.pdf

87. Introduction to IEC 61672-1

https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/5708

88. Research published in Applied Acoustics

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003682X2400152X

89. Handbook of sound propagation, Brüel & Kjær

https://www.bksv.com/de/knowledge/blog/sound/sound-intensity

90. Bose Professional Audio System Design Tools

https://boseprofessional.com/product-category/loudspeakers/design-software

91. Q-SYS delay adjustment guide

https://help.qsys.com/Content/Schematic_Library/delay.htm

92. Sound Guide for Pumps and Systems, KSB

https://www.ksb.com/en-global/centrifugal-pump-lexicon/article/noise-in-pumps-and-systems-1116102

93. Definition of head in KSB reference

https://www.ksb.com/en-global/centrifugal-pump-lexicon/article/head-1115612

94. KSB head drop reference

https://www.ksb.com/en-global/centrifugal-pump-lexicon/article/head-loss-1116720

95. Definition of work point in KSB reference

https://www.ksb.com/en-global/centrifugal-pump-lexicon/o

96. NPSH concept and criteria in KSB reference

https://www.ksb.com/en-global/centrifugal-pump-lexicon/n

97. Pump similarity rules, KSB

https://www.ksb.com/en-global/centrifugal-pump-lexicon/article/affinity-laws-1115682

98. GSO steel comet nozzle

https://gsofountain.com/cat/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%84-%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%84-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C

99. Cascade GSO

https://gsofountain.com/cat/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%84-%DA%A9%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C

100. Cascade 70 T from OASE

https://www.oase.com/en/fountain-technology/cascade-70-t-int

101. NFO foam nozzle

https://crystalfountains.com/product/nfo-series-foam-jet/

102. GSO laminar nozzle

https://gsofountain.com/cat/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%84-%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B1-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7

103. OASE multi-axis actuator

https://www.oase.com/en-US/fountain-technology/multi-directional-drive-xl-2d-dmx02-int

104. ECW wind control system

https://crystalfountains.com/product/ecw-wind-control-sensor/

105. GSO urban fountain pumps

https://gsofountain.com/cat/%D9%BE%D9%85%D9%BE-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C

106. Specifications of Varionaut 150

https://www.oase.com/en-US/water-technology/varionaut-150-dmx02-us

107. Manual of Pump Curves, Hydraulic Institute

https://datatool.pumps.org/pump-fundamentals/pump-curves.html

108. Fundamentals of pump operating ranges, Hydraulic Institute

https://www.pumps.org/2022/12/07/the-basics-of-npsh-pump-operating-regions/

109. Basics of NPSH and suction margin

https://www.pumps.org/2022/03/21/reliability-basics-understanding-npsh-por-and-aor/

110. GSO control pumps

https://gsofountain.com/cat/%D9%BE%D9%85%D9%BE-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%BA%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%B1

111. Crystal control pump

https://crystalfountains.com/product/submersible-dmx-pump-70-basin/

112. Parallel operation of pumps, KSB

https://www.ksb.com/en-global/centrifugal-pump-lexicon/p

113. Official introduction of ACI 350-20

https://www.concrete.org/publications/concreteresourcesubscriptions/collectiononline/collectionsearch.aspx?MCP_DocID=3212&m=abstract

114. Guide to sealing seams - Sika

https://www.sika.com/en/construction/joint-sealing/joint-waterproofing.html

115. Waterstop systems - Sika

https://usa.sika.com/en/construction/concrete/concrete-accessories/waterstop-systems.html

116. Types of seam sealing system - Sika Canada

https://can.sika.com/en/construction/waterproofing-coatings/waterstops.html

117. IWS-Crystal Fountains water seal connection

https://crystalfountains.com/product/iws-series-water-stop-fitting/

118. Specifications of Sikalastic-1K - Sika

https://industry.sika.com/en/home/renewable-energies/wind-energy/base-foundation/waterproofing-surfaces/sikalastic-1k.html

119. Introduction and preview of ACI 350.1-22

https://www.concrete.org/Portals/0/Files/PDF/Previews/350.1-22_preview.pdf

120. Piping systems selection guide - GF

https://www.gfps.com/content/dam/gfps/com/brochures-and-flyers/en/gfps-6220-brochure-cemented-system-en.pdf

121. Connections and formation of air bubbles in suction - KSB

https://www.ksb.com/en-global/centrifugal-pump-lexicon/f

122. Safety of suction equipment - CPSC

https://www.cpsc.gov/FAQ/Pool-and-Spa-Drain-Covers

123. Switch valve fountain - GSO

https://gsofountain.com/cat/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%86-%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88

124. Transient pressures - KSB

https://www.ksb.com/en-global/centrifugal-pump-lexicon/article/surge-pressure-1118010

125. Supporting polymer pipes - GF

https://www.gfps.com/content/dam/gfps/us/products/price-lists/gfps/gfps-us-eps-pressure-piping-systems-tech-handbook.pdf

126. Crystal Fountains entrances and exits

https://crystalfountains.com/product-category/drains-and-inlets/

127. Protection against cross connection and reverse flow - EPA

https://www.epa.gov/dwreginfo/drinking-water-distribution-system-tools-and-resources

128. SeaDrain White - GF system test guide

https://www.gfps.com/content/dam/gfps/us/products/piping-systems/seadrain/gfps-1429-seadrain-white-tech-product-guide-en.pdf

129. THS - Pentair sand filter guide

https://www.pentair.com/content/dam/extranet/nam/pentair-pool/commercial/filters/ths-series/ths-series-high-rate-sand-filter-guide.pdf

130. Water quality equipment - OASE

https://www.oase-professional.com/en/fountain-technology/products/water-quality.html

131. Selection and exploitation of UV in water spaces - Xylem

https://prod.xylem.com/en-tm/resources/blog-posts/uv-disinfection-best-practices-for-pool-applications/

132. Guide to designing and managing interactive fountains - CDC

https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/153389/cdc_153389_DS1.pdf

133. Clear Fountain system - OASE

https://oase-professional.com/en/family/f/clear-fountain-system.1001038081.html

134. ORP limitation in chlorine estimation - Hach

https://waterinsights.hach.com/is-orp-really-your-best-option-for-dechlorination-measurement/

135. Safety of water treatment chemicals - CDC

https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/toolkit/pool-chemical-safety.html

136. Dangers of mixing and not interrupting the injection - CDC

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/68/wr/mm6819a2.htm

137. Weak pressure panels

https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/32338

138. Inspection and testing of facilities

https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/24656

139. Differential current protection equipment - ABB

https://new.abb.com/low-voltage/products/system-pro-m/residual-current-devices

140. Very low voltage systems - electrical installation guide

https://www.electrical-installation.org/enwiki/Extra_Low_Voltage_(ELV)

141. ProNect underwater connection system - OASE

https://www.oase-professional.com/de/fountain-technology/produkte/systeme/pronect-1.html

142. Differential current protection in converter circuits - ABB

https://new.abb.com/low-voltage/products/system-pro-m/residual-current-devices/f200-b-type

143. WECS-OASE controllers

https://www.oase-professional.com/en/family/f/water-entertainment-control-system.1001037829.html

144. List of control protocol standards - ESTA

https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php

145. Basics of DMX512 - ENTTEC

https://support.enttec.com/dmx/dmx-basics/dmx-basics-dmx512

146. Specifications of WECS III 64 - OASE

https://www.oase.com/en-US/fountain-technology/wecs-iii-64-dmx02-int

147. DMX-ENTTEC line termination

https://support.enttec.com/dmx/dmx-basics/dmx-termination-when-the-120-ohm-resistor-matters

148. Art-Net architecture - official protocol reference

https://art-net.org.uk/art-net-introduction-and-terminology/

149. Modbus introduction - Modbus organization

https://www.modbus.org/introduction-to-modbus

150. Explanation of the limitation of DMX-ESTA safety application

https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/docs/E1-20RDM_2006.pdf

151. Wind dependent control - OASE

https://www.oase.com/en-US/fountain-technology/anemometer-k

152. Safe-Rain anemometer

https://saferain.com/en/fountain-equipment/fountain-accessories/electrical/anemometer/

153. Communication protection of operational systems - CISA

https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/2025-05/fact-sheet-primary-mitigations-to-reduce-cyber-threats-to-operational-technology-508c.pdf

154. Modbus Security - Modbus organization

https://www.modbus.org/news/modbus-security-new-protocol-to-improve-control-system-security

155. Concept of time code - SMPTE

https://www.smpte.org/blog/understanding-standards-time-code?hs_amp=true

156. Time line programming - Syncronorm

https://www.syncronorm.com/products/depence2/show-control/show-programming

157. Fountain preview - Syncronorm

https://www.syncronorm.com/products/depence/visualization

158. Prediction of sound emission - d&b audiotechnik

https://www.dbaudio.com/global/en/products/software/noizcalc/

159. Setting up and programming the show - Crystal Fountains

https://crystalfountains.com/product-technical-support/

160. WBDG start-up and acceptance documentation guide

https://legacy.wbdg.org/building-commissioning/commissioning-documents

161. OASE Professional specialized services

https://www.oase-professional.com/de/fountain-technology/kompetenzen/leistungen.html

162. Official introduction of ISO 10005:2018

https://www.iso.org/standard/70398.html

163. Definition of yield in KSB technical reference

https://www.ksb.com/en-global/centrifugal-pump-lexicon/article/efficiency-1117172

164. GSA Commissioning Guide

https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/GSA/gsa_commissioning_guide_2020.pdf

165. OSHA Hazardous Energy Control Manual

https://www.osha.gov/control-hazardous-energy

166. CDC Explanation of Chlorine, pH, and Water Testing

https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/about/home-pool-and-hot-tub-water-treatment-and-testing.html

167. Principles of Water Management Program, CDC

https://www.cdc.gov/control-legionella/php/wmp/

168. HSE Technical Manual, Part III

https://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/priced/hsg274part3.pdf

169. OASE fountain care product

https://www.oase.com/en/water-technology/aquaactiv-algo-fountain-concentrate-5-l-int

170. Guide to reopening after a long shutdown

https://www.cdc.gov/control-legionella/php/guidance/building-water-system.html

171. How Legionella Spreads, CDC

https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/causes/index.html

172. Legionella routine test guide

https://www.cdc.gov/control-legionella/php/toolkit/routine-testing-module.html

173. Water and infection control in medical centers

https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/environmental-control/water.html

174. Procedures for developing a water management plan

https://www.cdc.gov/control-legionella/php/wmp/wmp-steps.html

175. GSO filtration systems

https://gsofountain.com/cat/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C

176. Official introduction of ISO 31000

https://www.iso.org/standard/65694.html

177. NIOSH Hazard Control Hierarchy

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/hierarchy-of-controls/about/index.html

178. HSE population control guide

https://www.hse.gov.uk/event-safety/crowd-management-controls.htm

179. Lightning safety guide

https://www.weather.gov/safety/lightning-outdoors

180. HSE incident and emergency planning guide

https://www.hse.gov.uk/event-safety/incidents-and-emergencies.htm

181. KSB cavitation technical reference

https://www.ksb.com/en-global/centrifugal-pump-lexicon/article/cavitation-1117364

182. Reference NPSH in KSB

https://www.ksb.com/en-global/centrifugal-pump-lexicon/article/npsh-1116954

183. Technical guide and DMX troubleshooting in ETC

https://support.etcconnect.com/ETC/Getting_Started_with_ETC_and_FAQ/DMX512-Info

184. Resources for improving the performance of pumping systems

https://www.energy.gov/cmei/ito/pump-systems

185. GAO Cost Estimation and Evaluation Guide

https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-20-195g

186. GSO installation, commissioning and training services

https://gsofountain.com/cat/%D9%87%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87-%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%A8-%D9%88-%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B4-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7

187. Development and testing of custom Crystal Fountains equipment

https://crystalfountains.com/custom-manufacturing/

188. Guide to value versus cost and setting specifications

https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/a535313d21a71139c93f09311e274093-0290012023/original/Procurement-Guidance-Value-for-Money-Nov-2023-WEB.pdf

189. Proposal evaluation guide

https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/099325208202512194

190. Guide to World Bank scoring criteria

https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/what-we-do/project-procurement/rated-criteria

191. Introduction to ISO 15686-5

https://www.iso.org/standard/61148.html

192. OASE water feature solutions for public spaces

https://www.oase.com/en-GB/fountain-technology/solutions/public-spaces

193. Magenta Book Assessment Planning Guide

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-magenta-book/magenta-book-central-government-guidance-on-evaluation-html

194. Introducing the location-based evaluation method of UN-Habitat public space

https://learn.unhabitat.org/enrol/index.php?id=145

195. Method of differences in differences in Magenta Book analytical appendix

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-magenta-book/magenta-book-annex-a-analytical-methods-for-use-within-an-evaluation-html

196. Definitions of tourism in UK Statistics Guide, based on international recommendations

https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/satelliteaccounts/methodologies/economicvalueoftourismguidancenote1definitionsoftourismversion22012

197. EPA Research on On-Site Nonpotable Recycling

https://www.epa.gov/water-research/onsite-non-potable-water-reuse-research

198. Application guide for variable frequency pumping

https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2014/05/f16/variable_speed_pumping.pdf

199. Official introduction of ISO 14040

https://www.iso.org/standard/37456.html

200. GSO urban water fountain projects

https://gsofountain.com/cat/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%98%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C

201. Crystal Fountains Project Collection

https://crystalfountains.com/our-work/

202. OASE water level dependent nozzle example

https://www.oase-professional.com/en/family/product/p/50912-cascade-70-t-int.html

203. Selection guide for KSB centrifugal pumps

https://ksbresourcecenter.com/images/downloads/Marketing/Sales_Literature/KSB_Selecting_Centrifugal_Pumps.pdf

204. Basra project page on GSO website

https://gsofountain.com/project/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9-%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%87

205. FHWA Traffic Areas Manual, Landscape Design Chapter

https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/00067/00067.pdf

206. Arsenal field case study on OASE website

https://www.oase-professional.com/en/fountain-technology/references/splash-deck-fountain-systems-kiev.html

207. Introducing YSwitch from Fontana

https://fontanafountains.com/products/spray-systems/special-water-effects/programmable-yswitch/

208. Introduction of fountain control from OASE

https://www.oase-professional.com/de/fountain-technology/produkte/power-and-programming/fontanensteuerung.html

209. GSO rhythmic fountain projects

https://gsofountain.com/cat/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%98%D9%87-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9

210. MAHC text, 5th edition

https://www.cdc.gov/model-aquatic-health-code/media/pdfs/2024/11/5th-Ed-MAHC-Code-508.pdf

211. Introducing SplashCan from OASE

https://www.oase-professional.com/en/family/product/p/77881-splashcan-int.html

212. British Maritime Authority Sustainability Guide

https://www.gov.uk/guidance/fishing-vessel-stability

213. Mystic installation specifications and conditions

https://www.otterbine.com/giant-fountains/mystic/

214. Otterbine Installation Guide

https://www.otterbine.com/media/1708/fractional_series_50hz_installation_manual.pdf

215. Schneider Electric voltage drop calculation guide

https://www.electrical-installation.org/enwiki/Calculation_of_voltage_drop_in_steady_load_conditions

216. Otterbine peripherals and controls

https://www.otterbine.com/lighting-accessories/parts/

217. Andisheh project details page

https://gsofountain.com/project/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%87

218. Project introduction by Safdie Architects

https://www.safdiearchitects.com/projects/jewel-changi-airport

219. Rain Vortex official page

https://www.jewelchangiairport.com/en/attractions/rain-vortex.html

220. Jewel Event Spaces

https://www.jewelchangiairport.com/en/venue-hire.html

221. Official Jewel Performance Report 2024

https://www.changiairport.com/content/dam/jca-project/media/Media%20Release%20-%20Jewel%20reports%20record%20high%20footfall%20and%20sales%20amid%20steady%20growth%20in%20air%20travel%20(final).pdf

222. GSO Ariyaval Wall Fountain

https://gsofountain.com/cat/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%AF%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88

223. Introducing Aquavision

https://www.aquatic-show.com/en/our-services/aquavision-water-wall

224. Building Moisture Management in ASHRAE

https://handbook.ashrae.org/Handbooks/F25/IP/F25_Ch37/F25_Ch37_ip.aspx

225. Basics of sound and addition of levels from CCOHS

https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/phys_agents/noise/noise_basic.html

226. Introduction of GSO water screen nozzle

https://gsofountain.com/cat/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%84-%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7

227. Christie's installation and launch distance calculation guide

https://www.christiedigital.com/globalassets/resources/public/020-100001-07-christie-mirage-matrix-and-dlv-user-manual.pdf

228. Aquatique Show water curtain deployment methods

https://www.aquatic-show.com/en/our-services/water-screen

229. Christie projector installation and safety guide

https://www.christiedigital.com/globalassets/resources/public/020-104012-02-Christie-LIT-GUID-SET-Eclipse-Gen3.pdf

230. FAO explanation about pan evaporation and evapotranspiration reference

https://www.fao.org/4/x0490e/x0490e08.htm

231. Water balance and concentration ratio in DOE guidance

https://www.energy.gov/cmei/femp/best-management-practice-10-cooling-tower-management

232. EPA Metering and Submetering Guide

https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=P1018ST5.txt

233. GSO level sensor and control equipment

https://gsofountain.com/cat/%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1-%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84-%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%AD-%D8%A2%D8%A8-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C

234. OASE Winter Preparation Guide

https://www.oase.com/en/pond-and-water-garden/how-to-guides/winterizing-your-water-features

235. Introducing pipe freeze protection from nVent

https://www.nvent.com/en-us/resources/news/nvent-solutions-in-preparation-for-winter

236. Kasco 2400SF Manual

https://kascomarine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/884361-2400SF-xStream-manual-3-8-16.pdf

237. Guide to corrosion resistance of stainless steel

https://www.outokumpu.com/en/expertise/stainless-basics/corrosion-resistance

238. Outokumpu's review of materials for marine structures

https://www.outokumpu.com/en/expertise/2023/building-sustainable-marine-structures-with-duplex-stainless-steel

239. Crystal Fountains Custom Equipment

https://expo2020.crystalfountains.com/product-category/custom-products/

240. WBDG green roofs guide

https://stg.wbdg.org/resources/extensive-vegetative-roofs

241. Fountain sealing systems at Tremco

https://www.tremcosealants.com/systems/water-feature-systems

242. Mason's Guide to Flexible Fittings

https://www.mason-uk.co.uk/rubber-expansion-joints/

243. Charter of Venice, Icomos

https://www.icomos.org/images/DOCUMENTS/Charters/Venice_Charter_EN_2023.pdf

244. Guide to investigating water elements in the historical environment

https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/water-features-historic-settings/

245. Moisture and salt in historical building materials

https://historicengland.org.uk/advice/technical-advice/flooding-and-historic-buildings/building-construction/masonry-buildings/

246. Considerations for cleaning historical tiles

https://historicengland.org.uk/advice/your-home/maintain-repair/historic-tiles/

247. Records of Crystal Fountains projects

https://crystalfountains.com/our-story/

248. Current version of MAHC

https://www.cdc.gov/model-aquatic-health-code/php/our-work/index.html

249. Pattern of Waterplay game limits

https://www.waterplay.com/en/news/blog/waterplay-play-zones/

250. CDC Report on Diseases Associated with Water Sports

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/ss/ss7308a1.htm

251. Water fountain control and planning in OASE

https://www.oase.com/en/fountain-technology/power-programming

252. NIST Manual SP 800-82 Rev. 3

https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-82r3.pdf

253. Comet 10-5T product page

https://gsofountain.com/product/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87-%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%84-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF-10-5T-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7

254. Comet 25-12T product page

https://gsofountain.com/product/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%84-%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%84-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF-25-12T-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7

255. Cascade product page 25-50t

https://gsofountain.com/product/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87-%DA%A9%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%AF-25-50t-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7

256. GSO foam nozzle family

https://gsofountain.com/cat/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%84-%D9%81%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C

257. Foam product page 40-50T

https://gsofountain.com/product/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%84-%D9%81%D9%88%D9%85--40-50T-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7

258. GSO jet fan plate

https://gsofountain.com/product/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%84-%D9%81%D9%86-%D8%AC%D8%AA

259. Jumping Jet 14t-DMX page in GSO

https://gsofountain.com/product/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%84-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF-%D8%AC%D8%AA-%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B4-14t-DMX-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7

260. NLG nozzle from Crystal Fountains

https://crystalfountains.com/product/nlg-series-large-ground-jet/

261. OASE Comet 5-8 T/NPT

https://www.oase.com/en-US/water-technology/comet-5-8-t-npt-us

262. Crystal NLC

https://crystalfountains.com/product/nlc-series-column-jet-2/

263. DC5500

https://gsofountain.com/product/%D9%BE%D9%85%D9%BE-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C-DC5500-

264. DC8000

https://gsofountain.com/product/%D9%BE%D9%85%D9%BE-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C--DC8000

265. DC12000

https://gsofountain.com/product/%D9%BE%D9%85%D9%BE-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C--DC12000

266. Source: SRT family in GSO

https://gsofountain.com/cat/_SRT-Pump

267. Source: SP pumps in GSO

https://gsofountain.com/cat/%D9%BE%D9%85%D9%BE-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C-SP

268. Source: Grundfos Cooling Pod Guide

https://www.grundfos.com/solutions/support/faq/what-is-a-cooling-jacket-and-when-should-it-be-used-for-submersibles

269. Source: characteristic curve in KSB reference

https://www.ksb.com/en-global/centrifugal-pump-lexicon/article/characteristic-curve-1117926

270. Source: Work point in KSB reference

https://www.ksb.com/en-global/centrifugal-pump-lexicon/article/operating-point-1117036

271. Source: remote control at KSB

https://www.ksb.com/en-global/centrifugal-pump-lexicon/article/closed-loop-control-1117980

272. Source: Explanation of degrees of IP protection

https://blog.se.com/br/industria/gestao-de-maquina-e-processos/2018/08/06/grau-de-protecao/

273. Source: Schneider Electric's explanation of the difference in tests

https://www.se.com/uk/en/faqs/FA28067/

274. Source: LED power structures in MEAN WELL

https://www.meanwell.com/newsInfo.aspx?c=5&i=861

275. Source: Definition of beam angle in ERCO

https://www.erco.com/en_us/designing-with-light/mediaassetpool/light-studies/quality-of-light-with-downlights-6671/

276. Source: Proclass LED RGB 110

https://gsofountain.com/product/%DA%86%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%BA-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3-LED-RGB-110

277. Source: OASE official page

https://www.oase.com/de-DE/fountain-technology/profilux-led-xl-rgbw-flooddmx02

278. Crystal LED040

https://crystalfountains.com/product/led040-series/

279. Source: SIMATIC Safety Integrated

https://www.siemens.com/et-ee/products/simatic/simatic-safety-integrated/

280. Source: DMX glossary in ETC

https://www.etcconnect.com/WebDocs/Apps/MosaicRecordApp/Content/DMX%20Record%20Help/C-Reference/3.1.0-DMXGlossary.htm

281. Source: Introduction of RDM standard in ESTA

https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/news/news_details.php?newsID=803

282. Source: Schneider Electric manual

https://www.se.com/uk/en/faqs/FA22914/

283. Source: Manual ACS580-01

https://library.e.abb.com/public/16c1a57244ef499b8e9a1895982771ac/ACS580_01drivesHW_revC_screen_A5.pdf

284. Source: RCD and three-phase drives

https://www.se.com/au/en/faqs/FAQ000184975/

285. Source: GSO data readers

https://gsofountain.com/cat/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1-%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C-DMX

286. Source: SW.DW in GSO

https://gsofountain.com/product/%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%AD-%D8%A2%D8%A8-%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF-SW.DW

287. Source: Level 4000 control package

https://gsofountain.com/product/%D9%BE%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%AC-%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84-%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%AD-%D8%A2%D8%A8-4000-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7

288. Source: Official specification OASE WECS III 1024

https://www.oase.com/en-AU/fountain-technology/wecs-iii-1024-dmx02-int

289. Source: Crystal LEDPS300

https://crystalfountains.com/product/ledps300-series-universal-water-feature-controller/

290. Pentair cartridge filter

https://www.pentair.com/en-us/pool-spa/products/filters/clean-and-clear-plus-cartridge-filters.html

291. Pentair pump and filter base guide

https://www.pentair.com/content/dam/extranet/nam/pentair-pool/residential/manuals/training/Sta-Rite%20Basic%20Training%20Manual.pdf

292. FiltoClear 3400 specifications

https://www.oase.com/en-US/pond-and-water-garden/filtoclear-3400

293. ProMinent UV systems

https://www.prominent.com/en/Products/Products/Disinfection-Systems-and-Oxidation-Systems/UV-Systems/pg-uv-systems.html

294. DULCODOS Pool Comfort system

https://www.prominent.com/en/Products/Products/Measuring-Control-and-Sensor-Technology/Panel-Mounted-Measuring-and-Control-Systems/p-dulcodos-pool-comfort.html

295. Pentair multiway valves

https://www.pentair.com/en-us/pool-spa/products/valves/pre-plumbed-valves-de-sand-filters.html

296. GSO suction basket strainer

https://gsofountain.com/cat/%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%B4-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C

297. Standard RDM in ANSI

https://webstore.ansi.org/standards/esta/ansie1202025

298. Schneider Electric conductor cross section selection guide

https://www.electrical-installation.org/enwiki/Conductor_sizing:_methodology_and_definition

299. IP classification standard

https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/2452

300. IEC 61558-2-6:2021

https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/65384

301. IEC pre-release page

https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/115081

302. ISO 9906:2012

https://www.iso.org/standard/41202.html

303. MAHC, 5th edition 2024 and accompanying documents

https://cdc.gov/model-aquatic-health-code/php/our-work/index.html

304. CDC clarification of MAHC status

https://www.cdc.gov/model-aquatic-health-code/index.html

305. FHWA regarding traffic areas

https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/00067/index.cfm